Survey of Roles and Templates used in the PLAIN+ English Grammar
PH, 1 Feb '95

+... complement templates
%... adjunct templates
(?)  adding a selectional restriction is mandatory
Templates that do not start with '+' or '%' apply to individual lexemes only..

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Role:
	Templates:	Form Head/Dependent:	Example:
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ILLOC - illocution		JOHN SPEAKS TO THE BOSS.
				DOES JOHN SPEAK TO THE BOSS?		
			SPEAK TO THE BOSS

PROPOS - proposition	

	statement'	sign/verb-fin		JOHN SPEAKS TO THE BOSS
	question'	sign/verb-fin		WILL JOHN SPEAK TO THE BOSS
	wh_question'	sign/verb-fin		TO WHOM WILL JOHN SPEAK
	command'	sign/verb-imp,subj	SPEAK TO THE BOSS
	+finite_clause	conjunction/verb	that HE WORKS HARD
	+to_infinitive	conjunction/verb-inf	in order TO CATCH THE TRAIN
	+past_participle	conjunction/verb-ed	if URGED BY YOUR FRIENDS

PRED_SUPPL - predicate supplement

	do	verb/verb-inf	Did (it) RAIN (?)
	passive'	verb/verb-ed	(I) was TOLD
	progressive'	verb/verb-ing	(He) is LOOKING (at us)
	perfect'	verb/verb-ed	Have (you) BEEN (in London ?)
	modal'	verb/verb-inf	(He) must GO
	+pred_infinitive	verb/verb-to_inf	(He) ought TO GO
	+adje_pred	verb/adjective	(She) is BEAUTIFUL
	+subject_to_inf	raising/verb-to-inf	(She) is easy TO PLEASE

no role
	+phrasal(?)	verb/particle	(I) called (him) UP
	+idiom(?)	verb/anything	(he) took CARE (of me)

PRED_SUBJ - predicative attribute referring to subject

	+adje_pred_subj	verb/adjective	(She) felt HAPPY
	+noun_pred_subj	verb/noun	(He) is A STUDENT
	+noun_pred_subj_as	verb/as+noun	(This) functions AS SUBSTITUTE
	+noun_pred_subj_for	verb/for+noun	(s.th.) is mistaken FOR S.TH. 

PRED_OBJ - predicative attribute referring to object

	+adje_pred_obj	verb/adjective	(She) made (me) HAPPY
	+adje_pred_obj_as	verb/as+adjective	recognize (so.) AS INTELLIGENT
	+noun_pred_obj	verb/noun	(They) make (him) CHAIRMAN
	+noun_pred_obj_as	verb/as+noun	treating (s.o.) AS A GUEST
	+noun_pred_obj_for	verb/for+noun	mistake (s.th) FOR WISDOM

SUBJECT - subject

	+subject	verb,adje/noun,pron	THE BABY cried, THE BABY is sad
	+subject	verb,adje/rel-clause	WHO COMES FIRST is served (first)
	+subject_that	verb,adje/that-clause	THAT HE CAME is amazing
	+subject_that_p	verb,adje/it ..that	(it) is amazing THAT HE CAME
	+subject_that_mandat	verb,adje/verb-subj	THAT EVERYONE INFORM HIMSELF is 
			important 
	+subject_that_mandat_p	verb,adje/verb-subj	(It) is has been suggested THAT
			EVERYONE INFORM HIMSELF
	+subject_to_inf	verb,adje/to-inf	TO SEE HIM HERE surprizes (me)
	+subject_to_inf_p	verb,adje/it...to-inf	(it) surprises me TO SEE HIM HERE
	+subject_ing	verb,adje/ing-clause	SEEING HIM HERE surprises me
	+subject_ing_p	verb,adje/it...ing	(it) is delightful WATCHING THE SEA
	+subject_quest	verb,adje/wh-clause	WHETHER HE COMES doesn't concern me
	+subject_quest_p	verb,adje/it ..	(it) doesn't concern me WHAT YOU DO
	+subject_clause_pron	verb,adje/pron	THAT is easy
	+there_subject	verb "be"/noun,pron	(There) is A BOOK (on the shelf)
	+cleft_subject	verb "be"/noun,pron	(It) was JOHN (who wore a hat)
	+subject_quote	verb/sign	(What) does "RMDIR" mean (?)
	+dir_obj1	raising verb/noun	BOB is (hard to convince)
	+dir_obj1_that	raising verb/that	THAT SHE LEFT is (difficult to understand)
	+dir_obj1_quest	raising verb/wh...	WHY SHE LEFT is (easy to see)	
	+noun_clause_subject	"be"/noun	MY WISH is (to become a pilot)
	%inf_subject	verb-inf/prep "for"		FOR A BRIDGE to collapse (is bad)
	%ing_subject	verb-ing/poss. pron	HIS driving (the car)

EMPTY_SUBJ - empty subject

	+subject_it	verb/pronoun "it"	IT rained

no role
	+corr_subj_clause	verb/pronoun "it"	IT amazes (me) (that it works)
	+there	verb "be"/ "there"	THERE are (some books)
TOPIC	

	+cleft_relclause	verb "be"/verb-rel	(It) is (me) WHO IS TO BLAME
	+cleft_clause	verb "be"/that-clause		(It) was (yesterday) THAT HE LEFT		

DIR_OBJ1 - direct object that becomes the subject in a passive sentence

	+dir_obj1	verb/noun,pron	(He) caught THE BALL
	+dir_obj1	verb/verb-rel	(He) dislikes WHOEVER IS IN HIS WAY
	+dir_obj1_that	verb/that-clause	(I) know THAT SHE IS PRETTY
	+dir_obj1_that	verb/clause	(I) know SHE IS PRETTY
	+dir_obj1_that_mandat	verb/that+verb-subj	(I) suggest THAT HE ADMIT NONE
	+dir_obj1_to_inf	verb/verb-to-inf	(He) promised TO SEND THE MONEY
	+dir_obj1_ing	verb/verb-ing	(He) denied HAVING STOLEN THE MONEY
	+dir_obj1_quest	verb/interrog-clause	Do (you) know WHY SHE COMPLAINED
	+obj1_clause_pron	verb/pron	WHAT do (you) think (?)
	+dir_obj_quote	verb/sign (quote)	(He) said "YES"
	
no role
	+dir_obj1	verb/elliptic pron	(the ball) ... (the boy) caught


DIR_OBJ2 - direct object that does not become subject in the passive

	+dir_obj2	verb/noun,pron	(John) resemples HIS FATHER
	+dir_obj2_that	verb/that-clause	(He) convinced (me) THAT I WAS 
			WRONG
	+dir_obj2_that_mandat	verb/that+verb-subj	(I) insisted THAT HE ADMIT NONE
	+dir_obj2_inf	verb/verb-inf	(I) hears (Bob) DRIVE AWAY
	+dir_obj2_to_inf	verb/verb-to-inf	(He) likes TO TALK TO THE PEOPLE
	+dir_obj2_ing	verb/verb-ing	(He) likes TALKING TO THE PEOPLE
	+dir_obj2_ed	verb/verb-ed	(He) found (the seats) TAKEN
	+dir_obj2_quest	verb/whether,if	(I) wonder WHETHER HE COMES
	+dir_obj2_quest	verb/interrog-clause	(I) wonder WHY SHE COMPLAINED
	+obj_that	adjective/that-clause	(I) am sure THAT HE IS HERE
	+obj_that	adjective/clause	(I) am afraid HE IS NOT AT HOME
	+obj_that_mandat	adjective/verb-subj	(I) was adamant THAT HE BE 	APPOINTED 
	+obj_to_inf	adjective/to-inf	(I) am afraid TO DO IT
	+obj_quest	adjective/whether,if	(I= am (not) sure IF HE IS HERE

no role
	+dir_obj2	verb/elliptic pron	(the person) ... (he) resembles
	+corr_obj_clause	verb/pron "it"	(I) owe IT (to you) (that...)

INDIR_OBJ - indirect object

	+indir_obj	verb/noun,pron	(He) gave THE GIRL (a doll)
	+indir_obj	verb/prep "to"	(He) gave (a doll) TO THE GIRL

no role
	+indir_obj	verb/elliptic pron	(the person)...(he) gave (the doll)

PREP_OBJ - prepositional object

	+prep_obj(?)	verb,adje/prep	(The result) depends ON THE INPUT

AGENT - the complement in the passive that corresponds with the subject in the active

	+agent	verb-pass/prep "by"	(The file) is created BY THE SYSTEM	

COMPL - complements of nouns and prepositions

	+prep_compl(?)	noun/preposition	(a) report ON CHILD ABUSE
	+that_compl	noun/that-clause	(the) fact THAT HE IS RICH
	+to_inf_compl	noun/verb-to-inf	(my) wish TO BE A PILOT
	+quest_compl	noun/wh-clause	(the) problem WHERE TO GO
	+quote_compl	noun/sign (quotes)	(the) word "IF"
	+phrase	prep/noun,pron,adv	at THE BUS STOP; from ABOVE
	+zero_noun(?)	prep/noun	in BED; by BUS
	+phrase	prep/rel-clause	(listen) at WHAT SHE SAYS
	+phrase	prep/pron extrapos	WHAT (does it depend) on
	+clause	prep/verb-ing	by SIGNING A PEACE TREATY
	+quest	prep/wh-clause	(discussion) about WHERE TO GO

SUBJ_COMPL - dislocated complement of the subject noun 

	+that_compl	verb/that-clause	(My assuption) was THAT IT RAINED
	+to_inf_compl	verb/to-inf	(My wish) is TO BECOME A PILOT
	+quest_compl	verb/wh-clause	(The question) is WHERE HE IS

DET_COMPL - complement of predeterminers

	+quantified_count	noun/prep "of"	(a) number OF STUDENTS
	+quantified_non_count	noun/prep "of"	(a large) amount OF MONEY
	+predet_count	pron/prep "of"	some OF THE CHILDREN

QUOTED - any expression in quotes

	citation'	sign/anyth.in quotes	"HI"

ADV_ATTITUDE - speakers attitude

	%adv_attitude	verb/adverb	FORTUNATELY; HOPEFULLY

ADV_TRUTH - certainty

	%adv_truth	verb/adverb	CERTAINLY; POSSIBLY; OF COURSE

ADV_CONNECT - text connection

	%adv_connect	verb/adverb	FIRSTLY; FURTHERMORE; BESIDES

ADV_FOCUS - focusing within predicate frame

	%negation	verb/adverb "not"	(He) does NOT (come)
	%adv_focus	verb/adverb	(They) ALL passed (the exams)
	%adv_additive	verb/adverb	(This won't) harm (him) EITHER

ADV_MANNER - manner and means

	%adv_manner	verb/adverb	(He) has been treated BADLY
	%adv_manner_how	verb/"how"	HOW did (they) treat (you)
	%adv_manner_reflexive	verb/pron-refl	(I) did (it) MYSELF
	%adv_manner_in	verb/prep "in"	IN A CAUTIOUS WAY
	%adv_manner_by	verb/prep "by"	BY CAR
	%adv_manner_way	verb/"the way"	She cooks the egg THE WAY I LIKE IT
	%adv_manner_as	verb/conj "as"	AS I TELL YOU

ADV_PLACE - place 

	%adv_place	verb/adverb	HERE; ABOVE; ABROAD
	%adv_place_where	verb/"where"	WHERE did (you) go
	%adv_place_prep	verb/preposition	IN LONDON; AT THE BEACH
	%adv_place_clause	verb/clause	(The sugar) is WHERE THE COFFEE IS

ADV_DIRECT - direction

	%adv_direct	verb/adverb	AWAY; OFF; SOUTH; UPWARDS
	%adv_direct_prep	verb/preposition	come FROM LONDON; go TO AMERICA
	%adv_direct_clause	verb/clause	(They) go WHEREEVER THEY FIND WORK

ADV_TIME - time

	%adv_time	verb/adverb	TODAY; AFTERWARDS
	%adv_time_when	verb/"when"	WHEN will (you) come
	%adv_time_prep	verb/preposition	ON SUNDAY; AFTER DINNER
	%adv_time_noun	verb/noun	(I) saw (her) LAST NIGHT
	%adv_time_clause	verb/clause	WHILE YOU WERE IN THE LIBRARY

ADV_FREQUENCY - frequency

	%adv_frequency	verb/adverb	OFTEN; TWICE; NEVER

ADV_EXTENT - how much? how far? to what extent?

	%adv_extent	verb/adverb	COMPLETELY; A LOT
	%adv_extent_to	verb/prep "to"	TO A CERTAIN DEGREE
	%adv_extent_noun	verb/noun	(he) walked THREE MILES
	%adv_extent_adj	verb/adje	(Did you have) to wait LONG

ADV_ACCOMP - accompaniment, method and instrument 

	%adv_accomp_prep	verb/prep "with"	come WITH US; open WITH CARE

ADV_DENOM - denominal relationship

	%adv_denominal	verb/adverb	MORALLY; PROGRAM-WISE

ADV_CAUSE - reason or cause

	%adv_cause_why	verb/"why"	WHY did (you) go (away)
	%adv_cause_prep	verb/preposition	BECAUSE OF...; DUE TO ...
	%adv_cause_clause	verb/clause	BECAUSE HE WAS ILL

ADV_PURPOSE - purpose

	%adv_purpose_prep	verb/preposition	(He) did (it) FOR MONEY
	%adv_purpose_to_inf	verb/to-infinitive	(I) left early TO CATCH THE TRAIN
	%adv_purpose_clause	verb/conjunction	... IN ORDER TO CATCH THE TRAIN

ADV_CONDITION - condition

	%adv_condition	verb/preposition	stop ON RED LIGHT; IN CASE OF FIRE
	%adv_condition_clause	verb/clause	(He) will come, IF YOU INVITE HIM

ADV_RESULT - result

	%adv_result	verb/adverb	(If you invite me) THEN (I) come
	%adv_result_clause	verb/conjunction	(He) hurried SO THAT HE CAUGHT THE
			TRAIN
ADV_CONCESSION - concession

	%adv_concession	verb/adverb		HOWEVER; BUT; 
	%adv_even	verb/"even"	(He) won't EVEN lend (it to me)
	%adv_though	verb/"though"	(They) must be specified THOUGH
	%adv_concession_prep	verb/preposition	IN SPITE OF HIS FAULTS
	%adv_concession_clause verb/clause	(I) left THOUGH IT RAINED	

ADV_ANY - any other adverbial 
	%adv_any	verb/adverb
	%adv_any_prep	verb/preposition
	%adv_any_participle	verb/participle	SUPPORTED BY HIS FANS, (he) won

DETER - determination

	%dete_count_any	noun/determiner	THE cat; MY cats; PETER'S cat
	%dete_count_sing	noun/determiner	THIS cat; ANOTHER CAT
	%dete_count_plur	noun/determiner	SOME cats; ENOUGH cats
	%dete_non_count	noun/determiner	SOME water; ENOUGH water
	%dete_a	noun/dete "a","an"	A cat; AN eagle
	%dete_quest	noun/determiner	WHICH cat

DET_SUPPL - determiner supplement	

	%predet_count_sing	noun/determiner	HALF the book
	%predet_count_plur	nooun/determiner	ALL my children
	%predet_non_count	noun/determiner	ALL the water
	
NUMBER - number

	%numeral_one	noun/numeral "one"	ONE book
	%numeral	noun/numeral	TWO-HUNDRED books

ORDER - order

	%ordinal	noun/numeral	(the) SECOND book

ATTR_FOCUS - focusing on a noun phrase

	%attr_focus_adj	noun/adjective	(a) CERTAIN type
	%attr_focus_pre	noun/adverb	JUST (the right) person
	%attr_focus_pre	prep/adverb	JUST for (you)
	%attr_focus_post	noun/adverb	(the) woman TOO
	%attr_in_particular	noun/"in particular"	(the) women, IN PARTICULAR;
	%attr_else	pron/"else"	someone ELSE

ATTR_NOM - nominal attribute

	%attr_nominal	noun/noun	STATE park; DETERGENT container
	genitive'	determiner/noun	PROPOSER's day
	%of_genitive	noun/prep "of"	(the) day OF PROPOSERS

ATTR_DENOM - denominal attribute

	%attr_denominal	noun/adjective	SOCIAL life; WOOLEN scarf

ATTR_PROV - provenance

	%attr_prov_noun	noun/noun	HEIDELBERG university
	%attr_prov_adj	noun/adjective	(the) GERMAN government

ATTR_ANY - general attribut

	%attr_any	noun/adjective	(The) BIG box
	%attr_any	pronoun/adjective	somebody STRANGE
	%rel_clause	noun/relclause	(the) girl WHO ARRIVED
	%rel_clause	noun/participle	(the) man WAITING OUTSIDE
	%rel_clause	pronoun/relclause	something THAT WONDERS ME
	%rel_clause	pronoun/participle	someone SENT BY HIS BROTHER

ATTR_EXTENT - modifiers of extent

	%attr_extent	noun/adjective	(a) REAL hero; a PERFECT idiot

ATTR_PLACE - place attribute	

	%adv_place	noun/adverb	(the) people HERE
	%adv_place_prep	noun/preposition	(our) friends IN LONDON

ATTR_DIRECT - direction attribute

	%adv_direct	noun/adverb	(the) way OUT
	%adv_direct_prep	noun/preposition	(the) flight TO LONDON

ATTR_TIME - time attribute

	%adv_time	noun/adverb	(the) meeting YESTERDAY
	%adv_time_prep	noun/preposition	(the) weather IN AUGUST

ATTR_ACCOMP - attribute of accompaniment

	%adv_accomp_prep	noun/preposition	spaghetti WITH RICE

ATTR_PURPOSE - purpose attribute

	%adv_purpose_prep	noun/preposition	(a) present FOR HIS MOTHER
	%adv_purpose_to_inf	noun/to-inf	(the) person TO BLAME 

MOD_EXTENT - modifying extent

	%mod_pron_extent	pronoun/adverb	NEARLY everybody
	%mod_adj_extent	adjective/adverb	VERY funny
	%mod_adj_how	adjective/"how"	HOW long
	%mod_adj_size	adjective/noun	THREE FEET long
	%mod_adv_extent	adverb/adverb	MORE easily
	%mod_numeral	numeral/adverb	OVER two hundred (letters)

MOD_DENOMINAL - denominal modification

	%mod_adje_denominal	adjective/adverb	THEORETICALLY sound

ADD - number to be added

	%add_to_10	numeral/numeral	thirty-TWO
	%add_to_100	numeral/numeral	hundred AND ONE
	%add_to_1000	numeral/numeral	thousand THREE HUNDRED

MULT - number to multiply with

	%multiply_100	numeral/numeral	NINETY-NINE hundred
	%multiply_1000	numeral/numeral	NINE HUNDRED thousand